Nasal septum perforation refers to a hole or tear in the thin wall (septum) that separates the two nostrils within the nose. The septum is made up of cartilage in the front and bone in the back. The perforation can range from small to large, and may occur as a result of a number of factors, including trauma, infections, drug use, and prior nasal surgery.

CAUSES 

• Trauma: The most common cause of nasal septum perforation is trauma, such as a broken nose.
• Infections: Chronic infections like tuberculosis or syphilis can cause perforation.
• Drug use: Certain drugs, such as cocaine, can cause the septum to deteriorate and erode, leading to perforation.
• Prior nasal surgery: In some cases, a prior nasal surgery may lead to a perforated septum.
  
  

Symptoms of nasal septum perforation may include:

• Breathing difficulties, especially on one side
• Noisy breathing
• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Chronic nasal crusting or bleeding
• Changes in voice or hearing
  
  

TREATMENT OPTIONS

• Medical treatment: In some cases, medical treatment with medications like antibiotics or corticosteroids may be enough to treat a small septum perforation.
• Surgical repair: For larger or symptomatic perforations, surgical repair is typically required. This may involve a variety of techniques, including tissue grafts or flaps, and can be performed through an open or closed approach.
• Observation: In some cases, a perforated septum may be small enough or asymptomatic enough to not require immediate treatment, and can be monitored over time.
  
  

It is important to seek medical evaluation and treatment if you suspect you have a perforated septum. An accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help to alleviate symptoms and improve the overall function and appearance of your nose.